A non-destructive analytical study of cultural heritage object from Late Antiquity: gold framework and gemstone inlays

Abstract Recently found historical jewellery (Czech Republic) was subjected to detailed analyses determine the gem inlays and gold framework in which they are embedded. Such find fits into European archaeological artefacts containing similar stones from around fifth century CE. The gemstones were analysed with optical microscopy Raman micro-spectroscopy their mineralogical characteristics out typical structural-chemical differences based on provenance can be found. results of this measurement discovered two main types minerals garnet group, almandine pyrope, where pyropes have been identified as Bohemian garnets thanks photoluminescence (PL) chromium vanadium impurities. craftsmanship processing goldsmith work studied using X-ray computed tomography. a technique is an excellent contribution for detecting visualising internal parts hidden behind placement stones. For reason, 3D visualisation used describe better understand all preserved parts. According object's very high cultural value, chosen methods suitable non-destructive study while proving essential deepen our knowledge archaeometric investigations focused Late Antiquity (with possible application other periods). Based findings presented study, it one world's oldest documented items jewellery. These underscore tremendous economic political importance mineral resources altogether, second completely different type believed originated distant India or Sri Lanka that across Europe Antiquity.